Export?photovoltaic?Components are a trade activity with broad prospects, especially amid the accelerating global energy transition. Combined with the latest 2025 international trade information (such as HS code confirmation,Tax RebatesAdjustments, tariff developments, and quality-standard requirements), we have compiled a practical guide. It is designed to help you conduct business more smoothly and reduce potential issues. Please note that trade policies can change at any time; we recommend consulting local customs or a professional body for the most accurate guidance before taking action.

I. Understanding the Core Classification Rules for Photovoltaic Modules

The classification of photovoltaic modules is the basis for export declarations, primarily governed by the international Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS Code). According to the latest 2025 information, photovoltaic products are mainly classified under Chapter 85, consistent with the description in the materials; however, attention must be paid to the specific subheadings in the HS 2022 edition (the 2027 edition will be released soon, but the 2022 edition currently applies).

• Heading 85.01: Photovoltaic equipment that has already been assembled into a self-contained functional unit Already assembled and fitted with simple control elements (such as diodes)?solar?Power-generation systems that can supply electricity directly without further processing. Internationally, they are usually classified under the 8501 series.
• Heading 85.41: Solar photovoltaic panels (solar cells) Including silicon-barrier-layer photovoltaic cells, solar cells mounted in components or assembled into blocks. Subheading 8541.40 (photosensitive semiconductor devices, including photovoltaic cells whether or not assembled into modules or made up into panels). However, the latest HS breakdown shows unassembled photovoltaic cells under 8541.42 and those assembled into modules under 8541.43. China’s export code usually corresponds to 8541430000.
• Heading 85.04: Photovoltaic inverters Classified as static converters, subheading 8504.40.
• Heading 73.08: Solar mounting systems (iron, complete knock-down sets) Composed of columns, beams, and other elements, it exhibits the characteristics of a structural system.
• Heading 72.16: Profile sections for scaffolding, presented separately Such as steel profiles that are only drilled, not in sets.
• Other components：Storage batteries (85.07), control apparatus (85.37), parts not specifically listed (85.03).

Watch out for common pitfalls: different statuses (e.g., complete set vs. single item) may affect the rebate rate. It is recommended to declare using the latest 2025 Customs Statistical Commodity Catalogue.

II. Key Elements of Standardized Declaration

Accurate declaration is the key to successful customs clearance. According to the Customs of the People's Republic of ChinaImport and exportCatalogue of Standardized Tax-Related Declarations for Commodities (2025 Edition): clear information must be prepared at the time of declaration. In line with international practice, it is recommended to focus on the following elements:

• Product Name: Provide a detailed description, e.g., “solar photovoltaic panel” or “PV inverter.”
• Purpose: Indicate "For Solar Power Generation Use".
• Brand: Provide a brand name in Chinese or a foreign language.
• Model: Specific product model.
• Composition content: Key materials for declaration, such as silicon content.
• Working Principle: such as "light energy is directly converted into electrical energy".
• Function: Describe the specific functionality.

Special reminder: Declare according to the actual status of the goods and attach product manuals, installation drawings, and other relevant documents. Using the “Single Window” platform can improve efficiency. Internationally, when exporting to the United States or the EU, the local HTS code must also be matched.

III. Pay attention to tariff preferences and free-trade agreements in international markets

In 2025, China’s photovoltaic exports face challenges such as U.S. tariffs as high as 60% (covering anti-dumping, countervailing, and Section 301 duties), yet opportunities arise along the “Belt and Road” and within RCEP member states. China’s PV exports remain robust, with solar-cell shipments surging 73% year-on-year in the first half of the year.

• Examples of Agreements in Force:
  • Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP): Covering 15 countries, gradually reducing tariffs on photovoltaic products to boost exports.
  • China - ASEAN Free Trade Agreement: Supporting photovoltaic trade, with export volumes continuing to grow.
  • Others: In the China–U.S. trade talks, China agreed to issue general export licenses for rare earths and other products and to resume agricultural purchases, but photovoltaic tariffs remain high.

To enjoy the discount, applyOrigin CertificateBooks are essential. Checking the destination country’s tariff rates through the official platform can help optimize costs. Note: the U.S. also imposes high tariffs on Southeast Asian re-exported PV modules (up to 3,500%). The EU has no new tariffs, but it is watching for import surges and may push localization policies.

IV. Emphasize quality, safety, and compliance requirements

Quality compliance is the core of exporting PV modules, especially when it comes to international standards. In 2025, global requirements are becoming stricter; it is recommended to control the process from the source to enhance competitiveness.

• Key Standards: IEC 61215 (Design Qualification and Type Approval for Crystalline Silicon Terrestrial Photovoltaic Modules), IEC 61730 (Photovoltaic Module Safety Qualification). The United States requires UL 1703 (Electrical and Fire Safety). The European Union mandates the CE mark and energy-efficiency requirements. Within China, GB/T 46340-2025 (Green Product Assessment—Photovoltaic Modules and Inverters) applies.
• Practical advice: Establish a quality traceability system and conduct third-party testing (e.g., TüV or UL certification). Focus on end-to-end management, including the eco-friendly disposal of end-of-life PV panels (25–30-year lifespan). This satisfies destination-country access standards and strengthens market trust.
• Export License: Photovoltaic modules themselves usually do not require an export license, but if they incorporate energy-storage components such as lithium-ion batteries, you must check the “Catalogue of Goods Subject to Export License Administration (2025)”. In 2025, China added new export controls on rare-earth and battery technologies, effective 8 November. Verify whether your product contains controlled materials.

V. Other Export Reminders

• Tax Rebates: The export rebate rate for photovoltaic modules (HS 8541.40/8541.43) is reduced from 13% to 9%, effective December 1, 2024. Rates may differ for other classifications (e.g., mounting brackets); please verify the latest rate. No export duty is currently imposed.
• Market trends: In 2025, China’s photovoltaic export orders are rebounding, with solar-cell exports surging 73 %. Yet amid global trade frictions, diversifying markets is advised. Focus on sustainable development and local supply chains.
• Risk prevention: Assess transshipment risks in the face of U.S. high tariffs and potential EU restrictions. Work with suppliers to ensure stable product quality. Keep an eye on General Administration of Customs announcements, such as the 2024 No. 195 commodity classification decision.